HGNC Gene Families/Groupings Nomenclature
Stem symbol schemes
We strongly encourage the development of nomenclature schemes using a "stem" (or "root") symbol for members of a gene family or grouping, with a hierarchical numbering system to distinguish the individual members. This is an efficient and useful way to name large numbers of related genes, and already works well for a number of established gene groupings. When a new gene nomenclature scheme is proposed, we try to contact a number of scientists prominent in that specialist area, to ensure that the majority are in agreement over the symbols (see Specialist Advisors).
Proposals for new gene nomenclature schemes should be sent to: hgnc@genenames.org
Gene families/grouping resources
The pages listed below include finalised HGNC resources, those under review and other sites that do not necessarily contain correct nomenclature. Sites which do use approved nomenclature are shown as HGNC approved. To avoid confusion, the HGNC approved stem symbols are highlighted in bold (within red brackets) and the approved HGNC Gene Family groups without a common "stem" symbol are also highlighted in bold, both are linked to the Nomenclature Database.
The
icon denotes there is a specialist advisor for the Gene Family and links to our specialist advisor page.
Download the HGNC Gene Family dataset
Click here for the complete HGNC Gene Family dataset.
- Abhydrolase domain containing (ABHD)
- Acidic nuclear phosphoproteins (ANP32)
- Actin related protein 2/3 complex subunits (ARPC)
- Acyl-CoA synthetases (ACS)
- Acyl-CoA thioesterases (ACOT)
- ADAM metallopeptidase domain containing (ADAM)
- Table of ADAMs University of Virginia School of Medicine HGNC approved
- ADAM metallopeptidases with thrombospondin type 1 motif (ADAMTS)
- The Apte Lab ADAMTS and ADAMTSL Resource Lerner Research Institute HGNC approved
- Adenylate kinases (AK)
- ADP-ribosylation factors (ARF)
- ADP-ribosylation factors-like (ARL)
- Adrenergic receptors (ADR)
- ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase activating proteins (ARFGAP)

- A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAP)
- Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH)
- Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH)
- aldehyde dehydrogenases Projects in Scientific Computing (PSC) HGNC approved
- ALDH Gene Superfamily Database HGNC approved
- Aldo-keto reductases (AKR)
- aldo-keto reductase superfamily University of Pennsylvania HGNC approved
- Alkylation repair homologs (ALKB)
- Amiloride-sensitive cation channels (ACCN)
- Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases
- Anaphase promoting complex subunits (ANAPC)
- Anoctamins (ANO)
- Annexins (ANXA)
- European Annexin Project Griffith University
- Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzymes (APOBEC)
- Aquaporins (AQP)

- Arachidonate lipoxygenases (ALOX)

- ATPases (ATP)
- AAA Server Home Page
- PatBase P-type ATPase Database
- ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC)
- Human ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters Wageningen University HGNC approved
- The Human ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Superfamily National Cancer Institute-Frederick
- Baculoviral IAP repeat containing (BIRC)
- Basic helix-loop-helix (BHLH)
- BEN domain containing (BEN)
- Beta-galactoside-binding lectins (LGALS)
- Blood group antigens
- Directory of Red Cell Surface Antigens International Society for Blood Transfusion
- BPI fold containing (BPIF)

- Cadherins (CDH)
- The Cadherin Resource Ontario University
- S100 calcium binding proteins (S100)
- Calcium channels (CACN)

- Carbonic anhydrases (CA)

- Carboxylesterases (CES)
- Caspases (CASP)

- Cas scaffolding proteins (CASS)
- Cathepsins (CTS)
- CAZy Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes Database
- CD molecules (CD)
- HCDM Human Cell Differentiation Molecules oganisation (HLA8 to HCDM)
- CDC-like kinases (CLK)

- CDGSH iron sulfur domain containing (CISD)
- Charged multivesicular body proteins (CHMP)
- Chemokine ligands (CCL)

- Chemokine (C-C motif) receptors (CCR)

- Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptors (CXCR)
- Chloride intracellular channels (CLIC)

- Cholinergic receptors (CHR)
- Chromatin-modifying enzymes
- Claudins (CLDN)

- Coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing (CHCHD)
- Collectins (COLEC)

- Complement system

- Components of oligomeric golgi complex (COG)
- C-type lectin domain containing (CLEC)
- Coronins (CORO)
- Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK)
- Cytochrome b (CYB)

- Cytochrome P450s (CYP)
- Cytokines
- COPE Cytokines Online Pathfinder Encyclopaedia
- DDB1 and CUL4 associated factors (DCAF)
- DEAD-boxes (DDX)

- DEAH-boxes (DHX)

- Deafness loci Hereditary Hearing loss Homepage
- Defensins, alpha (DEFA)
- Defensins, beta (DEFB)
- Dishevelled homologs (DVL)
- The Wnt homepage Stanford University
- The Wnt homepage: Dishevelled
- Dual specificity phosphatases (DUSP)

- Dyneins, axonemal (DN)

- Dyneins, cytoplasmic (DYN)

- E-F Hand Calcium Binding Proteins Data Library
- EMI domain containing (EMID)
- Engulfment and cell motility proteins (ELMO)
- Enhanced RNAi three prime mRNA exonucleases (ERI)
- EPH receptors (EPH)
- Ephrins (EFN)
- ESTHER database Esterases and alpha/beta hydrolase enzymes
- Exportins (XPO)

- Fanconi anemia, complementation groups (FANC)

- Fibulins (FBLN)
- F-boxes (FBX)
- Fermitins (FERMT)
- Formyl peptide receptors (FPR)
- Forkhead boxes (FOX)
- Winged Helix Proteins FOX Nomenclature Committee HGNC approved
- Frizzled receptors (FZD)
- The Wnt homepage Stanford University
- The Wnt homepage: Vertebrate Frizzleds and interactions with Wnts HGNC approved
- Gamma-glutamyltransferases (GGT)
- Gap junction proteins (connexins) (GJ)

- General transcription factors (GTF)
- Basal Transcription Factor (TFII) Information Harvard Medical School
- Glycerol kinases (GK)
- GPN-loop GTPases (GPN)
- G protein-coupled receptors (GPR)
- GPCRDB Information system for G protein-coupled receptors
- GTPases, IMAP (GIMAP)
- HAUS augmin-like complex subunits (HAUS)
- Heat shock proteins (HSP)

- High mobility group (HMG)
- MGI-HMG Chromosomal Proteins Nomenclature Home Page Mouse Genome Informatics HGNC approved
- Histocompatibility complex (HLA)
- HLA Informatics GroupHGNC approved
- IMGT/HLA Sequence Database EMBL-EBI HGNC approved
- H-InvDB Gene Families/Groups: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
- Histones
- Homeoboxes
- Homeodomain Resource NHGRI
- HOX DataBase
- Hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptors (HCAR)
- 5-HT (serotonin) receptors (5HTR)
- IKAROS zinc fingers (IKZF)
- Immunoglobulins (IG)
- Immunoglobulin genes IMGT/GENE-DB HGNC approved
- H-InvDB Gene Families/Groups: Immunoglobulin
- INO80 complex subunits (INO80)
- Importins (IPO)

- Integrins (ITG)
- Interferons (IFN)

- Interleukins and interleukin receptors (IL)

- Intermediate filaments Human Intermediate Filament Database
- Intraflagellar transport homologs (IFT)
- Ion channels
- Ligand-gated ion channels IUPHAR DATABASE HGNC approved
- Ligand-Gated Ion Channel database EMBL-EBI
- Kallikreins (KLK)

- Kelch-like (KLHL)
- Keratins (KRT)

- Keratin associated proteins (KRTAP)
- Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR)
- IPD - KIR Database EMBL-EBI
- Killer cell lectin-like receptors (KLR)
- Kinesins (KIF)
- KN motif and ankyrin repeat domain containing (KANK)
- Kruppel-like factors (KLF)

- La ribonucleoprotein domain containing (LARP)
- Late cornified envelopes (LCE)
- Latent transforming growth factor, beta binding proteins (LTBP)
- Leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptors (LAIR)
- Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILR)
- Ligand-gated ion channels
- Lipocalins
- LYR motif containing (LYRM)
- Lysophospholipid receptors
- MAX dimerization proteins (MXD)
- Membrane-associated ring fingers (MARCH)
- Metalloprotein database The Scripps Research Institute
- Metallothioneins (MT)
- Metallothionein homepage University of Zurich
- Mex-3 homologs (MEX3)
- Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex
- Mitochondrial complex I homepage Scripps Research Institute
- Mitochondrial complex II homepage Berkeley University
- Mitochondrial complex III - Cytochrome bc1 project Berkeley University
- Mitochondrial complex IV - General introduction University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- and Mitochondrial complex IV homepage Rice University, Texas
- Mitochondrial complex V - ATP synthase web page Boris A. Feniouk
- Mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRP)

- Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade (MAP#K)
- MOB kinase activators (MOB)
- Mucins (MUC)

- Myocyte enhancer factors (MEF2)
- Myosins
- Myosin binding proteins (MYBP)
- Na+/K+ transporting ATPase interacting (NKAIN)
- N(alpha)-acetyltransferase subunits (NAA)
- N-terminal EF-hand calcium binding proteins (NECAB)
- ncRNAs (non-protein coding RNAs)

- NOL1/NOP2/Sun domain containing (NSUN)
- Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT)
- Nuclear receptors
- NureXbase Nuclear Hormone Receptor Database
HGNC approved - Nuclear Receptor Resource
- NureXbase Nuclear Hormone Receptor Database
- Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine rich repeat containing (NLR)
- Nudix motif-containing (NUDT)

- Olfactory receptors (OR)
- HORDE The Human Olfactory Receptor Data Exploratorium HGNC approved
- ORDB Olfactory Receptor DataBase
- H-InvDB Gene Families/Groups: Olfactory receptors
- Opsins (OPN)
- ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulators (ORAI)
- Oxysterol binding proteins (OSBP)
- Paraneoplastic Ma antigens (PNMA)
- Parkinson disease
- Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing (PNPLA)
- Paired boxes (PAX)
- Pellino homologs (PELI)
- Peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADI)
- Perilipins (PLIN)
- PHD-type zinc fingers (PHF)
- Phosphodiesterases (PDE)
- Phosphodiesterase University of Washington
- Plexins (PLXN)
- Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP)
- Polycomb group ring fingers (PCGF)
- Potassium channels (KCN)

- POTE ankyrin domain containing (POTE)
- Prenyltransferase alpha subunit repeat containing (PTAR)
- Proline-rich transmembrane proteins (PRRT)
- Prostate and testis expressed (PATE)
- Proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunits (PSM)

- Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT)

- Protein disulfide isomerases (PDI)
- The Protein Kinase Resource
- Protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunits (PPP1R)

- Protein phosphatase catalytic subunits (PPP)
- Protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent (PPM)
- Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP)
, including dual specificity phosphatases - Proteoglycans
- Protocadherins (PCDH)
- Pseudoautosomal regions
- Purinergic receptors (P2R)

- RAB, member RAS oncogene (RAB)

- Receptor accessory proteins (REEP)
- Receptor (G protein-coupled) activity modifying proteins (RAMP)
- Receptor transporter proteins (RTP)
- Regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS)

- Relaxin family peptide receptors (RXFP)
- RetNet (Retinal Information Network)
- Rho GTPase activating proteins (ARHGAP)
- Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (ARHGEF)
- Ribonucleases, RNase A (RNASE)
- S ribosomal proteins (RPS)
- RPG Ribosomal Protein Gene Database
- L ribosomal proteins (RPL)
- RPG Ribosomal Protein Gene Database
- RING-type zinc fingers (RNF)
- SAM and SH3 domain containing (SASH)
- Sodium channels (SCN)

- Secretoglobins (SCGB)

- Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRP)
- The Wnt homepage Stanford University
- The Wnt homepage: FRP/FrzB genes and interactions with Wnts HGNC approved
- Semaphorins (SEMA)

- Serine peptidases (PRSS)
- Serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitors (SERPIN)

- Serine peptidase inhibitors, Kazal type (SPINK)
- Shisa homologs (SHISA)
- Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily (SDR)
- Sialic acid binding Ig-like lectins(SIGLEC)
- Biochemistry and Biology of the Siglec Family University Bremen HGNC approved
- Sideroflexins (SFXN)
- Signal-regulatory proteins (SIRP)
- SKI transcriptional corepressors (SKOR)
- SMADs (SMAD)
- Small G protein signaling modulators (SGSM)
- Snail homologs (SNAI)
- Solute carriers (SLC)
- SLC Tables HGNC approved
- Sorting nexins (SNX)
- Specificity protein/Kruppel-like transcription factors
- Speedy homologs (SPDY)
- SRY (sex determining region Y)-boxes (SOX)

- StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain containing (STARD)
- Structural maintenance of chromosomes proteins (SMC)
- Sulfotransferases, cytosolic (SULT)
- Sulfotransferases, membrane-bound
- Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS)
- Taste receptors (TAS#R)
- T-boxes (TBX)

- T cell receptors (TR)
- T cell receptor genes IMGT/GENE-DB HGNC approved
- H-InvDB Gene Families/Groups: T-cell receptor
- Teashirt zinc fingers (TSHZ)
- Tectonic proteins (TCTN)
- THO complex (THOC)
- Trace amine associated receptors (TAAR)
- Trafficking protein particle complex (TRAPPC)
- Transglutaminases (TGM)
- Transmembrane and coiled-coil domain containing (TMCC)
- Trinucleotide (CAG) repeat containing (TNRC)
- Tripartite motif containing (TRIM)

- Tropomyosins (TPM)
- Tubulins (TUB)
- Tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily (TNFSF)

- Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF)

- Ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzymes (UBE1)
- Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes E2 (UBE2)
- Ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin (UBR)
- Ubiquitin-specific peptidases (USP)

- UBX domain containing (UBXN)
- UDP glucuronosyltransferases (UGT)
- UDP Glucuronosyltransferase committee homepage Flinders University
- Voltage-dependent anion channels (VDAC)
- Voltage gated ion channels
- Voltage-gated ion channels IUPHAR DATABASE HGNC approved
- Vomeronasal 1 receptors (VN1R)
- Vomeronasal 2 receptors (VN2R)
- WAS protein homologs (WASH)
- WD repeat domain containing (WDR)
- The WD repeat Family of Proteins Boston University
- Wingless-type MMTV integration sites (WNT)
- The Wnt homepage Stanford University
- The Wnt homepage: WNT Nomenclature HGNC approved
- WW, C2 and coiled-coil domain containing (WWC)
- X-linked mental retardation
- Yip1 domain containing (YIPF)
- Zinc finger, AN1-type domain containing (ZFAND)
- Zinc fingers, BED-type (ZBED)
- Zinc fingers, C2H2 and BTB domain containing (ZBTB)
- Zinc fingers, CCHC domain containing (ZCCHC)
- Zinc fingers, C2H2-type (ZNF)
- Human KZNF Gene Catalog University of Illinois
- Zinc fingers, DHHC-type (ZDHHC)

- Zinc fingers, FYVE domain containing (ZFYVE)
- Zinc fingers, HIT-type (ZNHIT)
- Zinc fingers, matrin-type (ZMAT)
- Zinc fingers, MYM-type (ZMYM)
- Zinc fingers, MYND-type (ZMYND)
- Zinc fingers, RAN binding domain containing (ZRANB)
- Zinc fingers, C2H2 and SCAN domain containing (ZSCAN)
- Zinc fingers, KRAB and SCAN domain containing (ZSCANK)
- Zinc fingers, SWIM-type (ZSWIM)
- Zinc fingers, ZZ-type (ZZZ)




