HGNC Gene Families/Groupings Nomenclature
Stem symbol schemes
We strongly encourage the development of nomenclature schemes using a "stem" (or "root") symbol for members of a gene family or grouping, with a hierarchical numbering system to distinguish the individual members. This is an efficient and useful way to name large numbers of related genes, and already works well for a number of established gene groupings. When a new gene nomenclature scheme is proposed, we try to contact a number of scientists prominent in that specialist area, to ensure that the majority are in agreement over the symbols (see Specialist Advisors).
Proposals for new gene nomenclature schemes should be sent to: hgnc@genenames.org
Gene families/grouping resources
The pages listed below include finalised HGNC resources, those under review and other sites that do not necessarily contain correct nomenclature. Sites which do use approved nomenclature are shown as HGNC approved. To avoid confusion, the HGNC approved stem symbols are highlighted in bold (within red brackets) and the approved HGNC Gene Family groups without a common "stem" symbol are also highlighted in bold, both are linked to the Nomenclature Database.
The
icon denotes there is a specialist advisor for the Gene Family and links to our specialist advisor page.
Download the HGNC Gene Family dataset
Click here for the complete HGNC Gene Family dataset.
- Abhydrolase domain containing (ABHD)
- Acid-sensing (proton-gated) ion channels (ASIC)
- Acetylcholine receptors, nicotinic (CHRN)
- Acidic nuclear phosphoproteins (ANP32)
- Actin related protein 2/3 complex subunits (ARPC)
- Acyl-CoA synthetase family (ACS)
- Acyl-CoA thioesterases (ACOT)
- 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferases (AGPAT)
- ADAM metallopeptidase domain containing (ADAM)

- ADAM metallopeptidases with thrombospondin type 1 motif (ADAMTS)

- Adenosine receptors (ADORA)
- Adenylate cyclases (ADCY)
- Adenylate kinases (AK)
- Adiponectin receptors (ADIPOR)
- ADP-ribosylation factors (ARF)
- ADP-ribosylation factors-like (ARL)
- Adrenoceptors, alpha (ADRA)
- Adrenoceptors, beta (ADRB)
- ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase activating proteins (ARFGAP)

- Aggrecans/versicans
- A-kinase anchor proteins (AKAP)
- Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH)
- Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH)

- Aldo-keto reductases (AKR)

- Alkaline ceramidases (ACER)
- Alkylation repair homologs (ALKB)
- Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases
- Anaphase promoting complex subunits (ANAPC)
- Anoctamins (ANO)
- Angiotensin receptors (AGTR)
- Ankyrin repeat domain containing (ANKRD)
- Annexins (ANXA)

- Apolipoproteins (APO)
- Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzymes (APOBEC)
- Aquaporins (AQP)

- Arachidonate lipoxygenases (ALOX)

- Argonaute/PIWI family
- Armadillo repeat containing (ARMC)
- Arylsulfatase family (ARS)
- Ataxins (ATXN)
- ATPases (ATP)
- ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC)
- ATP-binding cassette transporters, subfamily A (ABCA)
- ATP-binding cassette transporters, subfamily B (ABCB)
- ATP-binding cassette transporters, subfamily C (ABCC)
- ATP-binding cassette transporters, subfamily D (ABCD)
- ATP-binding cassette transporters, subfamily E (ABCE)
- ATP-binding cassette transporters, subfamily F (ABCF)
- ATP-binding cassette transporters, subfamily G (ABCG)
- AT rich interactive domain containing (ARID)
- Baculoviral IAP repeat containing (BIRC)
- Basic helix-loop-helix (BHLH)
- BEN domain containing (BEND)
- Beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferases (B3GAT)
- Beta 3-glycosyltransferases (B3GT)
- Beta 4-glycosyltransferases (B4GT)
- Bestrophins (BEST)
- Biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex-1 subunits (BLOC1S)
- Blood group antigens

- Bombesin receptors
- Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP)
- BPI fold containing (BPIF)

- Bradykinin receptors (BDKR)
- BRICHOS domain containing (BRICD)
- Cadherins (CDH)
- Calcitonin receptors (CALCR)
- S100 calcium binding proteins (S100)
- Calcium channels (CACN)

- Calcium-sensing receptors (CASR)
- Cannabinoid receptors (CNR)
- Carbonic anhydrases (CA)

- Carboxylesterases (CES)
- Caspases (CASP)

- Cas scaffolding proteins (CASS)
- Cathepsins (CTS)
- CatSper channels (CATSPER)
- CAZy Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes Database
- CD molecules (CD)

- CDC-like kinases (CLK)

- CDGSH iron sulfur domain containing (CISD)
- Charged multivesicular body proteins (CHMP)
- Chemokine ligands (CCL)

- Chemokine receptors
- Chloride channels
- Cholecystokinin receptors (CCKnR)
- Cholinergic receptors (CHR)
- Cholinergic receptors, muscarinic (CHRM)
- Chromatin-modifying enzymes
- Claudins (CLDN)

- Coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing (CHCHD)
- Collagens (COL)
- Collagen proteoglycans
- Collectins (COLEC)

- Complement system

- Complement component receptors (CnAR)
- Components of oligomeric golgi complex (COG)
- C-type lectin domain containing (CLEC)
- Coronins (CORO)
- Corticotropin-releasing factor receptors (CRHR)
- Cyclic nucleotide-regulated channels (CNG)
- Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK)
- Cytochrome b (CYB)

- Cytochrome P450s (CYP)

- Cytokines
- COPE Cytokines Online Pathfinder Encyclopaedia
- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulators (CFTR)
- DDB1 and CUL4 associated factors (DCAF)
- DEAD-boxes (DDX)

- DEAH-boxes (DHX)

- Deafness loci Hereditary Hearing loss Homepage
- Defensins, alpha (DEFA)
- Defensins, beta (DEFB)
- DENN/MADD domain containing (DENND)
- Dishevelled homologs (DVL)
- DNA-binding domain containing
- DNA polymerases
- Dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate dependent mannosyltransferases
- Dopamine receptors (DRD)
- Dual specificity phosphatases (DUSP)

- Dyneins, axonemal (DN)

- Dyneins, cytoplasmic (DYN)

- EF-hand domain containing (also see: E-F Hand Proteins Data Library)
- Elongator acetyltransferase complex subunits (ELP)
- EMI domain containing (EMID)
- Endogenous Ligands
- Endothelin receptors (EDNR)
- Engulfment and cell motility proteins (ELMO)
- Enhanced RNAi three prime mRNA exonucleases (ERI)
- EPH receptors (EPH)
- Ephrins (EFN)
- ESTHER database Esterases and alpha/beta hydrolase enzymes and relatives
- Exostosin glycosyltransferase family (EXT)
- Exportins (XPO)

- Fanconi anemia, complementation groups (FANC)

- Fatty acid binding protein family
- Fatty acid hydroxylase domain containing
- Fatty acid desaturases (FADS)
- Fatty acid receptors (FFAR)
- Fibrinogen C domain containing
- Fibronectin type III domain containing
- Fibulins (FBLN)
- F-boxes (FBX)
- Fermitins (FERMT)
- Formyl peptide receptors (FPR)
- Forkhead boxes (FOX)

- Frizzled receptors (FZD)
- Fucosyltransferases (FUT)
- GABA receptors
- Galanin receptors (GALR)
- Gamma-glutamyltransferases (GGT)
- Gap junction proteins (connexins) (GJ)

- General transcription factors (GTF)
- General transcription factor IIH complex subunits
- Ghrelin receptors (GHSR)
- Glucagon receptors
- Glutamate receptors (GR)
- Glutathione S-transferases (GST)
- Glutathione S-transferases, soluble
- Glutathione S-transferases, microsomal (MGST)
- Glutathione S-transferases, mitochondrial (kappa) (GSTK)
- Glycerol kinases (GK)
- Glycine receptors (GLRA)
- Glypicans (GPI-anchored HSPG) (GPC)
- Glycogen phosphorylases (PYG)
- Glycosyltransferase group 1 domain containing
- Glycosyltransferase family 2 domain containing
- Glycosyltransferase family 6 domain containing
- Glycosyltransferase family 8 domain containing
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors (GNRHR)
- Gonadotropin and TSH receptors
- GPN-loop GTPases (GPN)
- G patch domain containing (GPATCH)
- G protein-coupled receptors
- GTPases, IMAP (GIMAP)
- HAUS augmin-like complex subunits (HAUS)
- Heat shock proteins (HSP)
- Heat shock proteins, HSP70
- Heat shock proteins, DNAJ (HSP40) (DNAJ)
- Heat shock proteins, HSPB (small) (HSPB)
- Heat shock proteins, HSPC (HSP90) (HSP90)
- Heat shock proteins, Chaperons
- High mobility group (HMG)
- Histamine receptors (HRH)
- Histocompatibility complex (HLA)

- Histones
- Homeoboxes
- Hydrogen voltage-gated ion channels (HVCN)
- Hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptors (HCAR)
- Hypocretin (orexin) receptors (HCRTR)
- 5-HT (serotonin) receptors (HTR)
- 5-HT (serotonin) receptors, G protein-coupled only
- 5-HT (serotonin) receptors, ionotropic (HTR3)
- IKAROS zinc fingers (IKZF)
- Immunoglobulins (IG)

- Immunoglobulin superfamily domain containing
- INO80 complex subunits (INO80)
- Importins (IPO)

- Integrins (ITG)
- Interferons and interferon receptors (IFN)

- Interleukins and interleukin receptors (IL)

- Intermediate filaments
- Intraflagellar transport homologs (IFT)
- Ion channels
- IP3 receptors (ITPR)
- K-acetyltransferases (KAT)
- K-demethylases (KDM)
- K-methyltransferases (KMT)
- Kallikreins (KLK)

- Kelch-like (KLHL)
- Keratins (KRT)

- Keratin associated proteins (KRTAP)
- Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR)

- Killer cell lectin-like receptors (KLR)
- Kinesins (KIF)

- KN motif and ankyrin repeat domain containing (KANK)
- Kruppel-like transcription factors (KLF)

- La ribonucleoprotein domain containing (LARP)
- Laminins (LAM)
- Late cornified envelopes (LCE)
- Latent transforming growth factor, beta binding proteins (LTBP)
- Lectins, galactoside-binding (LGALS)
- Leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptors (LAIR)
- Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILR)
- Leukotriene receptors
- Ligand-gated ion channels
- Lipocalins
- Low density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR)
- LYR motif containing (LYRM)
- Lysophospholipid receptors
- Lysophospholipid (LPA) receptors (LPAR)
- Lysophospholipid (S1P) receptors (S1PR)
- Maestro heat-like repeat containing (MROH)
- Mannosyl-glycoprotein beta N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases (MGAT)
- MAX dimerization proteins (MXD)
- MCH receptors (MCHR)
- Melatonin receptors (MTNR)
- Melanocortin receptors (MCnR)
- Membrane-associated ring fingers (MARCH)
- Metalloprotein database The Scripps Research Institute
- Metallothioneins (MT)
- Mex-3 homologs (MEX3)
- Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex
- Mitochondrial complex I: NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) subunits
- Mitochondrial complex II: succinate dehydrogenase subunits
- Mitochondrial complex III: ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex subunits
- Mitochondrial complex IV: cytochrome c oxidase subunits
- Mitochondrial complex V: ATP synthase subunits
- Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly factors
- Mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRP)
- Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade (MAP#K)
- MOB kinase activators (MOB)
- Motilin receptors (MLNR)
- Mucins (MUC)

- Myocyte enhancer factors (MEF2)
- Myosins
- Myosins, light chain (MYL)
- Myosin binding proteins (MYBP)
- Na+/K+ transporting ATPase interacting (NKAIN)
- N(alpha)-acetyltransferase subunits (NAA)
- Netrins (NTN)
- Neuroblastoma breakpoint family (NBPF)
- Neuromedin U receptors (NMUR)
- Neuropeptide receptors
- N-terminal EF-hand calcium binding proteins (NECAB)
- ncRNAs (non-protein coding RNAs)

- NOP2/Sun domain containing (NSUN)
- Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT)
- Nuclear hormone receptors (NR)
- NureXbase Nuclear Hormone Receptor Database
HGNC approved - Nuclear Receptor Resource
- NureXbase Nuclear Hormone Receptor Database
- Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine rich repeat containing (NLR)
- Nudix motif-containing (NUDT)

- Olfactory receptors (OR)

- Opioid receptors (OPR)
- Opsin receptors (OPN)
- ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulators (ORAI)
- OTU domain containing (OTUD)
- Oxysterol binding proteins (OSBP)
- Pannexins (PANX)
- Paraneoplastic Ma antigens (PNMA)
- Paraoxonases (PON)
- Parathyroid hormone receptors (PTHnR)
- Parkinson disease
- Parvins (PARV)
- Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing (PNPLA)
- PATE family (PATE)
- Paired boxes (PAX)
- Pellino homologs (PELI)
- Peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADI)
- Perilipins (PLIN)
- PHD-type zinc fingers (PHF)
- Phosphatase and actin regulators (PHACTR)
- Phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis (PIG)
- Phosphodiesterases (PDE)
- Platelet-activating factor receptors (PTAFR)
- Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain containing (PLEKH)
- Plexins (PLXN)
- Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP)
- Polycomb group ring fingers (PCGF)
- Potassium channels (KCN)
- Potassium channels, calcium-activated
- Potassium channels, inwardly rectifying (KCNJ)
- Potassium channels, two-P (KCNK)
- Potassium channels, voltage-gated
- POTE ankyrin domain containing (POTE)
- PRAME family (PRAME)
- Prenyltransferase alpha subunit repeat containing (PTAR)
- Prokineticin receptors (PROKR)
- Proline-rich transmembrane proteins (PRRT)
- Prostanoid receptors (PTGR)
- Protease activated receptors (F2R)
- Proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunits (PSM)

- Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT)

- Protein disulfide isomerases (PDI)
- The Protein Kinase Resource
- Protein phosphatase, catalytic and regulatory subunits
- Protein phosphatase, catalytic subunits (PPP)
- Protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunits (PPP1R)

- Protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunits (PPP2R)
- Protein phosphatase 3, regulatory subunits (PPP3R)
- Protein phosphatase 4, regulatory subunits (PPP4R)
- Protein phosphatase 6, regulatory subunits (PPP6R)
- Protein phosphatases, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent (PPM)
- Protein phosphatases, CTD aspartate-based (CTD)
- Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP)
, including dual specificity phosphatases
- Proteoglycans
- Protocadherins (PCDH)
- Pseudoautosomal regions
- Purinergic receptors (P2R)
- RAB, member RAS oncogene (RAB)

- Receptor accessory proteins (REEP)
- Receptor (G protein-coupled) activity modifying proteins (RAMP)
- Receptor transporter proteins (RTP)
- Regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS)

- Relaxin family peptide receptors (RXFP)
- Resolvin receptors
- RetNet (Retinal Information Network)
- RF amide peptide receptors
- Rho GTPase activating proteins (ARHGAP)
- Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (ARHGEF)
- Ribonucleases, RNase A (RNASE)
- RNA binding motif (RRM) containing
- RNA polymerase subunits (POLR)
- RNA pseudouridylate synthase domain containing (RPUSD)
- S ribosomal proteins (RPS)

- L ribosomal proteins (RPL)

- RING-type zinc fingers (RNF)
- Ryanodine receptors (RYR)
- SAM and SH3 domain containing (SASH)
- Septins (SEPT)
- Sodium channels (SC)
- Sodium leak channels, non-selective (NALCN)
- Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRP)
- Secretoglobins (SCGB)

- Secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMP)
- Semaphorins (SEMA)

- Serine/arginine-rich splicing factors (SRSF)
- Serine peptidases (PRSS)
- Serine peptidases, transmembrane (TMPRSS)
- Serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitors (SERPIN)

- Serine peptidase inhibitors, Kazal type (SPINK)
- Serine/threonine phosphatases
- SH2 domain containing
- Shisa homologs (SHISA)
- Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily (SDR)
- Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily, Classical fold cluster 1
- Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily, Classical fold cluster 2
- Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily, Classical fold cluster 3
- Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily, Extended fold
- Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily, Atypical
- Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily, Classical fold cluster 1
- Sialyltransferases
- Sialic acid binding Ig-like lectins(SIGLEC)

- Sideroflexins (SFXN)
- Signal-regulatory proteins (SIRP)
- SKI transcriptional corepressors (SKOR)
- SMADs (SMAD)
- Small G protein signaling modulators (SGSM)
- Small leucine-rich repeats
- Snail homologs (SNAI)
- Solute carriers (SLC)(classical membrane transport proteins)

- Somatostatin receptors (SSTR)
- Sorting nexins (SNX)
- Specificity protein transcription factors (SP)
- Speedy homologs (SPDY)
- SRY (sex determining region Y)-boxes (SOX)

- StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain containing (STARD)
- Sterile alpha motif (SAM) containing (SAMD)
- Structural maintenance of chromosomes proteins (SMC)
- Sulfotransferases, cytosolic (SULT)
- Sulfotransferases, membrane-bound
- Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS)
- Synaptotagmins (SYT)
- Syndecans (transmembrane HSPG) (SDC)
- Tachykinin receptors (TACR)
- Taste receptors (TASnR)
- T-boxes (TBX)

- T cell receptors (TR)

- Teashirt zinc fingers (TSHZ)
- Tectonic proteins (TCTN)
- Tetraspanins (TSPAN)
- Tetratricopeptide repeat domain containing (TTC)
- THO complex (THOC)
- 7TM orphan receptors
- 7TM receptors, non signalling
- Trace amine associated receptors (TAAR)
- Trafficking protein particle complex (TRAPPC)
- Transglutaminases (TGM)
- Transient receptor potential cation channels (TRP)
- Transmembrane and coiled-coil domain containing (TMCC)
- Trinucleotide (CAG) repeat containing (TNRC)
- Tripartite motif containing (TRIM)

- tRNA-splicing endonuclease subunits (TSEN)
- Tropomyosins (TPM)
- Tubulins (TUB)
- Tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family (TTLL)
- Tudor domain containing (TDRD)
- Tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily (TNFSF)

- Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF)

- Two-pore channels (TPCN)
- Ubiquilin family (UBQLN)
- Ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzymes (UBE1)
- Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes E2 (UBE2)
- Ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin (UBR)
- Ubiquitin-specific peptidases (USP)

- U-box domain containing (UBOX)
- UBX domain containing (UBXN)
- UDP glucuronosyltransferases (UGT)

- Vanins (VNN)
- Vasopressin/Oxytocin receptors
- Vesicle-associated membrane proteins (VAMP)
- VIP and PACAP (ADCYAP1) receptors
- Voltage-dependent anion channels (VDAC)
- Voltage-gated ion channels

- Vomeronasal receptors (VN#R)
- WAS protein homologs (WASH)
- WD repeat domain containing (WDR)
- WAP four-disulfide core domain containing (WFDC)
- Wingless-type MMTV integration sites (WNT)

- WW, C2 and coiled-coil domain containing (WWC)
- X-linked mental retardation
- Yip1 domain containing (YIPF)
- Zinc-activated channels (ZACN)
- ZINC FINGERS
- Zona pellucida glycoproteins (ZP)
- ZYG11 cell cycle regulator family




